Visual Perception
Elham Seihei1 *, Narges Seihei2 , Fatemeh Zahra Sohrabi Nia3
- Speech and language pathologist, Hormozgan, Iran
- student of Environmental health engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapour university of medical sciences
- Biomedical Engineering Student, University of Science and Arts of Yazd, Yazd, Iran.
Abstract: A central problem in systems neuroscience is to understand how neural activity gives rise to perception and behavior. Vision provides an excellent model system to study how this happens. The visual system is the most studied part of the cortex, providing a basis for understanding not only visual processing per se but also the fundamental operations of the brain in general. Activity in earlier areas is more tightly correlated with the physical properties of objects whereas neurons in later areas respond in a manner more similar to visual perception. The aim of this article is visual perception & visual neuroscience.
Methods: Science Direct, Pubmed, (2010 through 2021) were searched for English-language studies using a list of keywords. The books about neuroscience and medicine were studied too.
Results: The studies of lightness perception and depth perception lead to a similar conclusion about the relationship between brain activity and conscious visual perception. Rather than being based on neural activity in one special area, visual perception involves progressive computations spread across multiple brain areas. Both early areas, as in the TMS study, and later areas, as in the study of area IT, are involved in perception. Significant progress has been made in understanding neural structures sensitive to different visual attributes such as form, surface brightness, color and motion. Here, the basic neural structures and processing pathways for these visual features are reviewed. Dysfunctions in these processing pathways lead to deficits in the perception of different aspects of a visual object.
Conclusion: The visual system masterfully recovers information about the objects in our environment based partly on processes of integration and normalization and partly on hard-wired probabilities of what objects are most likely to result from particular retinal images.In recent years, there is a growing interest in applying accumulated knowledge in vision science to investigate altered neural structures and abnormal perceptual processing observed in neurological disorders. Key issues and clinical studies are also discussed within the context of visual feature processing.
